South of Poona, between the Karba and Nlra Valleys, there stretches a conspicuous mountain range, the highest stock of which, crowned by the Kedäresvar Temple, is occupied by Purandhar Fort, some miles South-West of Säsvad. To the West it breaks off in a few short hill-shoulders, but to the East it falls down slowly, first in another mountain, occupied by Wazlrgadh (Vajragadh or Rudramälä) Fort, then in another group of cliffs, finally in a long range of lower and lower hills which are crossed by the railway and motor road to Sãtãra near the well-known place of pilgrimage, Jejuri. Like most mountains of the Western Deccan this range is built up of several superimposed strata of hard rock, in this case basalt, separated by softer liparite, which form successive plateaus and cliff bands, The lowermost strata form the long eastern hill range and the many hill shoulders projecting mainly towards the Nlra Valley, but North-West of Purandhar and North of Vajragadh also to the Karba Valley side, and finally the plateau (Machi) occupied by the Lower Fort of Purandhar. The next basalt strata bear the plateaus of the Upper Fort of Purandhar and of Vajragadh, and the cliff cones to the East and South-East of the latter; of the third hard stratum only the Kedäresvar Peak in the western part of Upper Purandhar Fort, and the much lower Räjväda Hill near its centre are still standing.