Throughout her history, India has shown a singular capacity to interact with outside influences, assimilating and transforming them through a process akin to osmosis. Hence the title of this section – manthana, which means churning. Here, we find five crucial examples of this phenomenon: the Diwan-i-Khas in Fatehpur Sikri, the castle of Datia near Gwalior, the Jain temple at Ranakpur, the Padmanabhapuram Palace in Trivandrum and the city plan of Jaipur in Rajasthan.