Fig. 2.

(a) NNM trained to recognize handwritten digits. The input wave encodes the image as the intensity distribution. On the right side of the NNM, the optical energy concentrates to different locations depending on the image’s classification labels. (b) Two samples of the digit 2 and their optical fields inside the NNM. As can be seen, although the field distributions differ for the images of the same digit, they are classified as the same digit. (c) The same as (b) but for two samples of the digit 8. Also, in both (b) and (c), the boundaries of the trained medium have been shown with black borderlines (see Visualization 1).

Erfan Khoram, Ang Chen, Dianjing Liu, Lei Ying, Qiqi Wang, Ming Yuan, and Zongfu Yu

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