ref:  http://cfa.aiany.org/index.php?section=upcoming&expid=136

“These are innovative fixes,” says Kanu Agrawal, the exhibition’s curator and a licensed architect with the Indian Council of Architecture. “There is a great deal of imagination, they are practical, they are affordable, and they have a participatory nature—something that involves the community.” Such fixes have historically shaped India’s cityscapes. At the turn of the 20th-century, Mumbai textile-mill workers moved into multifamily housing units called chawls. Rapidly constructed out of teak, the tenements functioned for decades as affordable housing for lower-middle-class families. The jugaad attitude also permeates one of India’s most celebrated recent design stories, the ultra-affordable Tata Nano car. Its creators began the design process by welding two motorcycles together. The final car has several parts that are simply glued together with high-performance adhesives.

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http://www.metropolismag.com/story/20110315/making-do