No information has been thus far provided concerning the archaeology of Rattanakiri Province, highland Cambodia. Through interviews with the local people who are engaged in open-air gem mining, however, nearly ten prehistoric sites were located and some artifacts collected from the sites were recorded in this region. Based on the distribution of the sites, it is apparent that there was intensive use of the inland riverine zone by the prehistoric population during the Neolithic and/or Bronze Age. More thorough and systematic interviews with locales should enable us to locate more prehistoric sites situated in similar and in different environmental settings.