This chapter deals with the period of the French Protectorate in Morocco (1912–1956), namely its first decade, and the influence of French colonial rule on the development of Moroccan cities. Based on the study of primary sources and field research, this chapter contains an analysis of the transformation of Moroccan cities and the intentional creation of a dichotomy between precolonial settlements and newly-built neighbourhoods. While the precolonial medinas were conserved for political, aesthetic and economic reasons, new neighbourhoods were intended to represent European influence and progress. Attention is given to the political and ideological motivation that stood behind the creation of this dichotomy and to its impacts on the life of the local inhabitants. The text explores differences in spatial layout and buildings as seat of institutions (post offices, banks, churches) that began to appear in Morocco with the advent of colonialism. In this context, the text focuses on their spatial placement within cities and the socio-spatial relationships associated with it.