Koramaz Valley has the largest number of rock-cut structures found not only in Cappadocia but also in all of Turkey. The diversity of these structures, some of which date from the ninth to the eleventh centuries, as well as their sheer quantity, make this valley a historical and cultural treasure. Our ongoing research has successfully shown the exceptional and frequently overwhelming diversity of these underground structures, and a serious protection strategy is needed to pass on to future generations all of these rock-cut structures with a history of hundreds and thousands of years, including churches, columbaria, dovecotes, underground cities, tumuli, and Roman tombs in the Koramaz Valley.