Nigeria is the most populous country on the African continent with an estimated population of about 250 million people and more than 250 ethnic groups. While Nigeria's population and ethnic diversity have posed an existential threat to the nation, the exigencies of unity have become a national concern. The government has thus mobilized its resources to pursue national unity. The National Commission for Museums and Monuments (NCMM) is one of these resources that is charged with a double task of preserving Nigeria's unity and recovering its lost artifacts. Both projects are driven by national interest, with repercussions for international cultural politics. In this chapter, we show how NCMM has keyed into the national debate of Nigeria's unity on the one hand and the return (restitution) of Nigeria's lost artifacts on the other. Being two primary projects embarked upon by the Commission after its creation, their realization has been fraught with challenges. The efforts have been impeded by inconsistent government policies, opposition politics, ethnic crises, and lack of collective government motivation for virile museology.