This project is the first step in problematizing and reconceptualizing the Ganeshwar Jodhpura Cultural Complex (GJCC), located in Northeastern Rajasthan, as a collection of Chalcolithic settlements bound together by a shared cultural language that encompass similarities in material culture, production of copper tools, and geographic proximity to copper mines. Based on interpretations of field research conducted for this study, the GJCC illustrates an indigenous development that sustains a larger regional economic need for copper products. The underpinnings for such a regional economic organization are resources specialized complexes, which may have come together through certain variables, such as population increase, technological know-how or a simple adaptation to a landscape, but most significantly, these variables pivoted within highly circumscribed natural resource locales. As such, the GJCC defines and is defined by its interactions, and proximity to the Harappan Civilization to the North/Northwest and the Ahar Banas Complex to the South/Southwest. The research presented provides primary documentation of sites recorded during an archaeological survey conducted in Northeastern Rajasthan, and analyzes that data in terms of settlement patterns and economic activity to reconstruct possible political and economic systems in place during the third millennium BC. By placing the GJCC in the framework of a social heterarchy that allow lateral movements of goods, power, and resources, this analysis points to community based industry and copper crafting during the Chalcolithic. Moreover, new questions emerge contending with issues of social reproduction of craft, and social identity. In addition to the analysis of primary data collected during the 2003 survey, a contextual chronology reconstructs the dates to reflect early (c. 2900–2500 BC), middle (c. 2500–2000 BC), and late (c. 2000–1800 BC) occupation. The dissertation in its entirety should be read as a compilation and analysis of data that allows for a redefinition of the GJCC, both chronologically and culturally. The examination of spatial data related to economic activities of the GJCC provide a new perspective of third millennium BC activities taking place in Northeastern Rajasthan.