With hundreds of rock-cut buildings, the Koramaz Valley in Eastern Turkey close to Kayseri is one of the most significant natural, historical, and cultural treasures in the area. This valley was just added to the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites because of its worth. All of these rock-cut cliff settlement towns in the valley, which we have inventoried one by one after a 6-year research, are described in this book after the geological aspects of the valley are discussed. Churches, underground cities, and funeral structures—the most significant rock-cut buildings in these settlements in terms of their historical significance—are covered in separate chapters.