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The Structure

MODULES	SUBJECTS
CODES	Semester I	Semester II	Semester III	Semester IV
Philosophical Basis PB	PB – I A) Foundation Course B) Visual Communication	PB – II A) Architectural Knowledge Systems B) Written and Oral Communication	PB – III New Paradigms	Research Paper on a theoretical area relating to thesis ( TP IV – A) Elective ( TP IV – B) Heritage Management –(Seminar) ( CM – IV) Thesis Studio (CS –  IV)
Redefinition of Heritage Resource HR	HR – I A) Natural and Designed Landscape B) Inventory and Documentation Techniques	HR – II A) Historic cities and its Heritage Components B) Quantitative survey Techniques	HR – III A) Cultural Regions and Landscape B) Qualitative Survey Techniques
Theory / Parameters TP	TP – I A) History and theory of Conservation) Planning – I C) Archaeology	TP – II A) History Theory and Criticism of Architecture – I B) Planning – II C) Sociology and Anthropology	TP – III A) History Theory and Criticism of Architecture – II B) New Theories C) Museology
Technical – Structure and Fabric SF	SF – I A) Introduction to Traditional Building Materials & Systems & Deterioration Process B) Chemistry of Traditional Materials	SF – II Conservation of Traditional Building Materials and Structure	SF – II Up gradation of Historic Buildings for contemporary use
Conservation Management CM	CM – I Quality Management of Historic Buildings and Sites	CM – II Integrated Heritage Management – ITUC	CM – III National Level Heritage Management Systems in India and Abroad
AC Studio CS	CS – I Building/Area Level project	CS – II City/Area Level Project	CS – III Cultural Regions/ Complex Historic City

MODULES		SUBJECTS
		Semester I	Semester II	Semester III
↱	Philosophical Basis	Foundation Course, Visual Communication	Architectural Knowledge Systems, Written and Oral Communication	New Paradigms	↰
Redefinition of Heritage Resource		Natural and Designed Landscape, Inventory and Documentation Techniques	Historic cities and its Heritage Component, Quantitative survey Techniques	Cultural Regions and Landscape Qualitative Survey Techniques
Technical – Structure and Fabric		Introduction to Traditional Building System, Materials & & Deterioration Process, Chemistry of Traditional Materials	Conservation of Traditional Building Materials and Structure	Up gradation of Historic Buildings for contemporary use
Conservation Management		Quality Management of Historic Buildings and Sites	Integrated Heritage Management – ITUC	National Level Heritage Management Systems in India and Abroad
↳	Theory / Parameters	History and theory of Conservation, urban planning, regional planning Housing, transport Planning, Archaeology	History Theory and Criticism of Architecture – I, ecological Planning, environmental Planning, development Planning, conservation planning, Sociology and Anthropology	History Theory and Criticism of Architecture – II, Heritage Economics, Heritage and Jurisprudence, Cultural Tourism, Museology	↲

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Syllabus 2002 with Time and Marks for each course

Subject Code	Subject	Contact hrs/week	Hrs/Semester and Type of Class		Internal	External
			Lecture	Other
	Semester I
PB I - A	Foundation Course	2	24	8 Wrks	50
PB I - B	Visual Communication	1	8	8 Wrks
HRI - A	Natural and designed Landscapes	1	16		25
HRI - B	Inventory and Documentation Techniques	1	12	4 Wrks
TP I - A	History and Theory of Conservation					50
	Introduction to history and theory of Conservation	1	16
	b. International Charters	1	6	10 Wrks	25
TP I - B	Planning - I: Urban Plng, Regional plng, Housing and Transport plng.	2	32			100
TP I - C	Archaeology	2	20	12 Sv	25
CMI -  A	Quality Management	1	12	4 Sv	25	50
CMI - B	Historic Building and Site level Maintenance and Management	1	12	4 Fw	25
SF - I A	Introduction to Historic buildings, materials, Systems & Deterioration Process	1	12	4 Tut	25	50
SF - I B	Chemistry of Traditional Materials	2	16	16 lab	50
CS - I	Conservation Studio	12		192 Swrk	250	250
	TOTAL	28			500	500
	Total hrs/week: 28, Total lecture hrs/week: 12, Other classes hrs/week: 04, Total studio hrs/week: 12
	Semester II
PB II - A	Architectural Knowledge Systems	2	24	8 Dis	50
PB II -  B	Writing and Oral Communication	1	8	8 Tut
HR II - A	Historic Cities and its Heritage Components	1	12	4 Sem	50
HR II - B	Quantitative Surveys	1	16			50
TP II - A	Architectural History Theory and Criticism - I		24	8 Sv	25	50
TP II - B	Anthropology and Sociology	2	32
TP II - C	Planning - II: Environmental and ecological Planning, Development Planning and Conservation Planning.	2	32		25	50
CM II	Integrated Heritage Management - ITUC India	2	32		25	50
SF - II A	Conservation of Traditional Materials	1	16		25	50
SF - II B	Structural Conservation	2	32		50
CS - II	Conservation Studio	12		192 Swrk	250	250
	TOTAL	28			500	500
	Total hrs/week: 28, Total lecture hrs/week: 14, Other classes hrs/week: 02, Total studio hrs/week: 12
	Semester III
PB III	New Paradigms	2	16	16 Dis	50
HR III - A	Cultural Regions and Landscapes	1	16		50
HR III - B	Qualitative Surveys	1	16			50
TP III - A	Architectural History Theory and Criticism - II	2	24	8 Sv	50	50
TP III -  B	New Theories: Heritage and Jurisprudence, Heritage Economics, Cultural Tourism	2	32		50
TP III -  C	Museology	2	32			50
CM III	National Level Heritage Management Systems in India and Abroad	2	32		25	50
SFIII - A	Upgradation of Historic Structures for Contemporary Use	2		32Tut/Sem	25	50
CS - III	Conservation Studio	12		192 Swrk	250	250
	TOTAL	26			500	500
	Total hrs/week: 26, Total lecture hrs/week: 10.5, Other classes hrs/week: 3.5, Total studio hrs/week 12
	Semester IV
TP - IV Theory and Parameters	Elective	2	32		50	50
CM - IV Conservation Management	Heritage Management Seminar	3	16	32 Tut	50	50
CS - IV Conservation Studio	A) Conservation Studio B) Theoretical Research Paper	24	16	372 Swrk & Tut	400	300
	Placement - Report of Work Done in the Summer Holidays I - II					100
	Total	30			500	500
	Total hrs/week: 26, Total lecture hrs/week: 10.5, Other classes hrs/week: 3.5, Total studio hrs/week: 12
Legend WRKS - Workshop S WRK - Studio SV - Site Visit FW - Field Visit Tut - Tutorials SEM — Seminar DIS - Discussions/Debates

Semester I

PB - I: PHILOSOPHICAL BASE

A) Foundation Course

Objectives: To prepare the students intellectually and mentally to work professionally in a mature manner in the area of heritage conservation. As such to conservation practice requires a special mental attitude, sensibility, maturity and intelligence to cope with decisions to be taken in the absence of set norms and standards.

Contents:

• Working of a human mind, process of information collection, observation etc. The different ways of thinking - Creative thinking, visual thinking, linear thinking, lateral thinking etc. What is a Creative mind with discipline ?
• Holistic Approach to Indian Civilization Studies -Integral Approach - radical Departure- Alternate paradigms, the role of consciousness which is important to integral approach - systems of Knowledge
• Methodologies and framework that govern the study of Indian civilization, history, archaeology and anthropology, Culture areas, regionalism and heritage and some definitions, Civilization studies and Social relevance, Problems of Culture Change
• Theory of Knowledge and theory of objective knowledge. Introduction to Mathematical logic and history of Scientific Method, Methodology of scientific research. Theories, ways of judging a theory, validation of new theory, falsification as methodology of scientific research
• Language as communication system, sign symbols and meanings. Properties of human language, ethnography of language
• Philosophy and architecture

B) Visual communication

Objectives: This Course enables the Conservation Students to further develop their existing Graphic Skills especially for a range of conservation Projects of varying scales and complexities.

The focus is on skill development vital for the preparation of both competent and complete sets of technical Conservation drawings for interpreting and communicating the inherent complexity of architectural heritage conservation management projects.

Contents

• Extensive studio linked exercises and follow up tutorial classes will focus on both manual and computer aided presentation and will include drawing and presentation techniques for
• Sketching
• Mapping
• Conversion of empirical data to graphic expression
• Analytical matrix
• Processing information and representing in a visual format.

Students familiarize themselves with and utilize a variety of traditional sketching and manual architectural drawing tools and techniques as well as computer based drawing with analytical and presentation techniques applied for conservation projects for historic buildings, sites, complexes, cities and regions.

HR - I: REDEFINITION OF HERITAGE RESOURCE - I

A) Natural and Designed Landscape

Objectives: This course attempts to make the student understand the need for conserving the historic landscapes as an important aspect of the conservation of cultural heritage and explains how to tackle the various issues related to conservation of such landscapes.

Contents:

Definitions - ecology, eco philosophy, eco theology etc.

• Historical background of Gardens and landscape through selected periods highlighting major landscape achievements. The changing attitude of man towards nature and the expression of this on the landscape design and the interaction with nature with an emphasis on Indian landscape design.
• Site planning Principles: understanding and appreciation of the site planning in historic complexes and the methodology of site analysis and planning.
• Historic Gardens and Landscape design - Design issues - use of elements for landscape for design - plant material water, landform. Historical perspective on the use of plant material and development of water systems.
• Problems and issues of protection , conservation and management of historic landscapes
• Case studies.
• Landscape issues in urban Conservation  -  Hampi, Delhi, Buhaneshwar, Chanderi, etc

B) Inventories and Documentation Techniques

Objectives: This course emphasizes the need for a methodical and systematic process for inventory and Documentation of our rich cultural heritage as an essential basis for integrated cultural resource management plans. Structured in four sections, the course enables the students to gain a conceptual understanding of the importance of compiling and utilizing well-ordered authentic and detailed information. The course trains them to develop the necessary technical skills and competence required for the preparation of inventories lists and registers of cultural resource for diagnostic survey.

Contents:

• Students are introduced to fundamental theories, principles. definitions, approaches and procedures for the inventories of cultural resources in the global perspective.
• Methods of documenting Historic Structures, Areas, Cities and regions
• Documentation to include measured drawings of different scales, process of identification and methodology of listing.
• Photography, Ariel Photography and Photogrammetry
• Compilation, computation and curation of sites and monuments inventory
• Computer application in Heritage Recording
• Case studies of various projects undertaken in India and Abroad.

TP - I: THEORY AND PARAMETERS - I

A) History and Theory of Conservation

a. Introduction to History and Theory of Conservation

Objectives: the objective of the course is to introduce the students to the personalities, ideologies and various philosophies that helped formulate the principles of the conservation discipline as it exists today in India and abroad.

Contents:

• Emergence of Conservation as a subject. History of conservation movement in the West and India. Development of the subject. The scope of conservation. Basic principles of conservation.
• Principles of & Approaches to conservation.
• Pioneers of conservation.
• Definitions and terminology - historicity, values, authenticity, preservation, restoration, transformation, conservation etc.
• Broad concepts of terms such as reuse rehabilitation, revitalization, regeneration, upgradation, and redevelopment of historic areas and cities. Concept of integrated conservation and related problems issues and experiments. Case studies from India and Abroad

b. International Charters

Objectives: This course is focused on the development of UNESCO as the global agency and its role in the field of conservation. This course assumes significance as India is a signatory to the World Heritage Convention 1972 and is bound to adhere to principles outlined in the Various Charters.

Contents

• International definition of heritage. Role of UNESCO and other allied bodies and institutions
• Charters in conservation, relevance of key charters as a code of practice in conservation. Evaluation of all charters from Venice to Mexico.
• World Heritage Convention, monitoring and review and management of World heritage Sites. Convention on protection of the world cultural and natural heritage
• Understanding new aspects such as intangible heritage and cultural Landscapes etc.

B) Planning - I

Objectives: This course introduces the student to the primary planning subjects that have a great impact on heritage resource.

Contents:

a. Urban Planning

• Planning objectives and introduction to planning terminologies.
• The Urban and Regional frameworks for Socio economic Investments, The main type of Plans, the Process in India, the context for project
• The plans; development structure, systems, Zonal Action Socioeconomic plans: national, State and District Plans and their dovetailing with regional plans
• The Systems: transportation, information, services utilities, activities
• The Standards and the Surveys - land use, building use, density age quality, Ariel Remote sensing - application
• Planning acts and development controls, byelaws and regulations having impact n historic areas
• Planning and Development Authorities.

b. Regional Planning

• Region as comprehensive physical planning unit.
• Concepts, criteria for identification, types - Planning Region/resource region, Cultural Region, A City Region etc.
• Delineation of city regions - greater London Plan, the NCR, backward regions and their Planning
• Backward regions and district planning regions
• Regional Planning in India, History of regions in India
• Data for regional Planning, Census of India
• Demographic Studies - Concept of demography, census, migration dynamics, population projections. Statistical methods
• Planning process people land wealth. Survey - analysis - plan. The theory of regional settlement patterns. Urban - Rural relationship.
• Plan implementation review and evaluation.

c. Housing

• Overall Housing Scenario in the world and in India as a post war phenomenon
• Policies and Legislation in National Context for Housing Sector and its achievements in the post-independence time.
• Policy approach towards - redevelopment, slum designation/clearance, revitalization and recycling
• Heritage finance and how it works for new housing
• The historic housing of India its status and potential for the future housing needs
• HHS Slum act, Slum policies, Rent Control act, and existing incentives - implications on the historic housing stock.
• Case study of Historic housing improvements in Bombay etc.
• Case studies of Spontaneous, informal housing in Historic precincts.

d. Transport Planning

• An introduction to transport planning
• Heritage areas and traffic
• Impact of rapid Transport Systems on heritage Areas
• Traffic management in historic Cities/Areas

C) Archaeology

Objectives: This course introduces the students to the discipline of archaeology its theory and principles for application to conservation of historical architecture. It also informs them on archaeological sites and their management in the Indian context.

Contents

• General development of Archaeology as a discipline in India in India and Abroad
• Emergence of the subject, classical archaeology
• Institution of the archaeological survey of India and other related Departments.
• Legislations and International charters/norms related to archaeological heritage
• Theory and principles of Archaeology
• Archaeological methods - Prospecting through systematic both destructive and non destructive techniques
• Common methods of Excavation - Clearance, stratifying and intrusion. Selective case studies of some recent excavations
• Recording archaeological data: Photogrammetry, database etc.
• Conservation and preservation of excavated sites and archaeological material.
• Management and maintenance of archaeological buildings and sites.
• Interpretation and presentation of Archaeological Sites and material.
• Various approaches to the discipline:
• Site museums
• New techniques in archaeology
• New concepts in Archaeology: Archaeological Parks
• Site visits
• For completing this course, the students will have to undertake hands on work on any archaeological site for one week in the October Break.

SF - I: TRADITIONAL BUILDING FABRIC AND MATERIALS - I

A) Introduction to Historic Building System, Materials and Deterioration Process

Objectives: This course provides an overview of the practical and technical aspects of the methodical study of historic building technology including details of materials, techniques and processes. It enables the student to understand the Heritage building System in its entirety and assists them to intervene in a sensitive and appropriate manner.

Contents:

• Introduction to historic building technology, structure and construction systems.
• Strengths and weaknesses of traditional building technology and construction.
• The components of historic buildings - Foundations, Floors, Roofs, Walling System, Common techniques used in historic structures.
• Arches , types of Domes, types of vaults
• Masonry details, use of masonry in decorative work
• Beam and Column Types
• Staircases, circular works, niches, jalis and mouldings
• Common traditional building materials - Earth, stones, timber, clays, bamboo, lime iron, other metals and glass; Composite materials - brick, lime washes, mortar, renders, paints and plasters; Additives and stabilizers. The above materials are used in structural, non - structural and decorative application.
• Processing from natural form and manufacture, use in the historic structure - Roof Floor walls and other Places. Physical and chemical properties, Strengths and Weaknesses. Response to natural elements, adhesion, workability, durability, textures, porosity and permeability.
• Composite materials: Composition, ingredients, process of preparation, application; strengths and weaknesses; use, detailing and workmanship; behaviour within the historic building System
• Common Binding materials and techniques properties contributing to the building.
• Common defects and problems in Historic buildings.- water penetration, temperature, other natural causes, vegetation and micro biological growth etc
• Process of Identification of defects - Field investigations, field-tests, Standard test methods, equipment used for detecting and measuring common problems in historic buildings
• Diagnosis of problems, causes of decay and deterioration, condition assessment and simple remedial measures
• Preparation of inspection reports

B) Chemistry of Traditional Materials

Objectives: The chemistry of historic materials plays a very important role in all conservation activities. As a matter of fact, it is difficult to conserve an artifact or structure without having the knowledge of the composition and the behavioural aspects of the material. This course attempts to make the student understand the aspects of chemistry of traditional materials so that it can enable them to intervene.

Contents:

• Brief description of the materials used in India from the prehistoric to the historic
• Categorization of materials as organic inorganic and a mixture of both and other varieties. Rocks, Siliceous, material, timber, metals and other compounds.
• The process of their formation/extraction.
• sequence in development of building technology
• agents of deterioration - climatic, biological, physical, human
• their physical chemical and mechanical properties
• The ancient recipes, their modifications with time their use today in conservation.
• Chemical properties and the molecular structure
• Stones through thin sections
• Scientific analysis of deterioration and causes
• Scientific remedies, strategies to arrest the Chemical disintegration, mineralogical - disturbance and entomological decay
• Site Visit
• Lab exercise:
• The samples are to be collected from buildings in and around Delhi. The experiments are to be the following.
• Identification of materials
• Analysis of salts and their elimination from the structural element
• Absorption of water by the surface of the structure
• Permeability test
• Preparation of renders - plasters mortars for conservation as per traditional specifications
• Mortar Plaster analysis

CM - I: CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT

A) Introduction to Quality Management

Objectives: The course introduces Quality Management in a way that it can integrate with the guiding principles of conservation - authenticity, original material and reversibility of interventions.

Contents:

• Quality determinants of projects; Evolution of quality management concepts
• Quality control procedures, quality assurances and systems approach
• Quality monitoring through statistical application
• Process analysis of conservation projects.
• Principles of total quality management and application of total quality management in conservation projects.

B) Historic Building and site level management

Objectives: Maintenance and management play a crucial role in conservation. This course informs and educates the students in the various aspects linked to historic building and site maintenance and management.

Contents:

• The logic of regular and constant maintenance. Maintenance strategies, programming and management. Case studies of maintenance programs - consequential Repairs, special repairs and Annual repairs
• Definitions and concepts for historic building maintenance and management. Significance of historic building maintenance and the magnitude of the related problems. Main components of the historic building maintenance. Common historic building maintenance problems - remedial measures and maintenance and management techniques.
• Preparing of maintenance programs for historic buildings, planning. Policy formulation, standards for maintenance, 5 - year planned maintenance programs, maintenance management, information systems for maintenance data
• Management of Conservation projects: Parties and their responsibilities, types of contracts and agreements and covenants, tender, evaluation and award, Contract administration, Cost and cost control, work plan project monitoring and reporting, quality control and certification
• Specification of Conservation Maintenance works. Sources of information, form of specification, performance specifications, measurement and valuation of conservation works
• Site management planning process, presentation, interpretation and visitor education, visitor management, site infrastructure, amenities and services, staffing and human resource management.
• Public relations (local population, inhabitants, outside officials, local politicians, media personnel.)

CS - I: CONSERVATION STUDIO - I

The objective of the first semester studio is to introduce the students to the problems and issues confronting historic sites and learn how to resolve and intervene. Studio will be an experience in for exploring methodologies for intervening and working in Historic Areas. The studio is envisaged as three interlinked projects handling various scales:

• a historic building - emphasis on inventory and documentation
• a historic area - emphasis on methodology of study and issues
• historic natural site - emphasis on site analysis and planning

The project content would include, programming for the Projects, appreciation and identification of heritage values, interpretation and presentation.

Research methods: the tutorials and the studio programme will help the student in development of project statement, methods of data collection and analysis and Critical inferences for design application.

Semester II

PB - II: PHILOSOPHICAL BASE - II

A) Architectural Knowledge Systems

Objectives: The objective of the course is to understand the architectural heritage through Knowledge Systems approach; this is distinct from the selective approach adopted conventionally by the contemporary architects. Historic buildings are complex and indeed difficult to comprehend therefore the method of studying a historic building visually does not provide the correct and entire information. This course introduces the students to new methodologies of exploring the historic buildings through the Knowledge Systems Approach.

Contents:

• Built heritage as a subject. Historic architecture as a source of knowledge.
• Scope and types of built heritage - the great pyramid of built heritage. Classification of historic Architecture as Styles. Focus on “hybrid architecture” and “composite architecture” as a departure from the “pure style” approach.
• Comprehensive description of historic buildings. The scales and Layers of architectural heritage from World Heritage to Local Heritage.
• City as a cultural Artifact
• The Architecture of a place - from pure style to knowledge systems.
• Local Knowledge: understanding your backyard
• Application of theory of objective knowledge and methodology to study built heritage. Holistic approach to understanding built heritage environments
• From philosophy to building- landmark buildings representing the spirit of an age. Great architects in history - Shahjahan, Brunelleschi, Bramante, Palladio, Firoz Tughlak, Lutyens, Corbusier and more.
  Buildings attributed to great philosophers, persons, thinkers - Gandhi, Rabindranath Tagore, or Wittgenstein.
• Complex understandings of architecture - Christopher Alexander, Kevin Lynch, Steven Brandt etc.
• Interdisciplinary understanding of the historic city.

B) Writing and Oral Communication in English

Objectives: This course will equip the students to competently communicate their thoughts and ideas in written and oral form.

Contents:

• English sentence patterns
• Formal and informal styles of writing and specking
• Differences between written and oral communication
• Practice in written and oral communication in English
  In addition focused on the class work the following exercises will be taken • Competent oral communication in technical presentations
• Competent writing communication in technical reports

HR - II: REDEFINITION OF HERITAGE RESOURCE - II

A) Historic Cities and Its Heritage Components

Objectives: The course aims at understanding the INDIAN HISTORIC CITY as a cultural resource representing people, place and time. Its objective is to help the student develop an understanding of the complex nature of our historic environs. The focus is on gaining knowledge for management. Getting to know a historic city is a continuous learning process and this course attempts to initiate the process for the students.

Contents:

• Perception and Representation of Indian Historic City
• Redefining the Indian Historic city - methodology
• Methods of understanding the Indian Historic City
• The Indian Historic City - Areas of Exploration - Typologies, Morphology and its cultural and geographical neighbourhoods
• Its heritage components - Historic housing, buildings and complexes, gardens, water systems etc.
• Historic Housing: Characteristics of historic housing stock, Interventions in historic housing stock, issues for new development in context of historic housing.
• Various disciplines required - The inputs of various disciplines are required Anthropology, Historian, Geographer, Sociologist, Planner, and Architects etc.
• Intrinsic qualitative studies of traditional and historic habitats, cultural dimensions, social resources and intangible forms of communication in various physical contexts and communities.

B) Quantitative Surveys

Objectives: Conservation as discipline relies on a number of techniques which have been developed for other disciplines. This course introduces the students to these quantitative techniques to enable them to adapt to the needs of conservation

Contents:

• Survey Research Process: primary and secondary sources of Data, techniques of
• data collection, analyzing and presenting physical and socio-economic data,
• questionnaire design, administration of field surveys.
• Methods of identifying urban and regional problems, setting of goals, objectives and
• priorities
• Performance standards, spatial standards and standards for utilities.
• Cluster and factor analysis methods applications at the regional level.
• Analysis for understanding the structure of urban areas, land value and density
• patterns, locational attributes of activity areas and locational dimensions of population groups. Forces of concentration and disposal and Social Area Analysis. Time series Analysis.
• Strategic choice approach and techniques of interconnected design in area analysis.
• Ariel Photography: Basic principles and Techniques of Photogrammetry, photo interpretation and remote sensing.
• Collection of Data by remote sensing techniques, analysis and interpretation of these data and compilation of interpreted data for the metric maps.

TP - II: THEORY AND PARAMETERS - II

A) Architectural History Theory and Criticism - I

Objectives: the students have already done History of Architecture as a course in their undergraduate programme. This course does not increase the quantum of their information, but emphasis is on critical understanding, analysis and interpretation of historical architecture.

Contents:

• Introduction to architectural theory, history and criticism. Their relationship to each other.
• Development of architectural history as a subject, Historiography, writers of history, of art and architecture and their interpretations
• A review of various architectural historians and their approaches. The limitations of the 19th century approach and lack of methodology.
• Differentiating architectural history and archaeology. Scope and definition. Origins of architectural history and review of its development.
• Methods in architectural history: subjective analysis vs the objective analysis, stylistic vs the typological analysis. Architectural anthropology approach, Architecture as a language
• The information required by heritage managers
• Methods of study of humble and hybrid buildings.
• Art and Architectural movements. Movements in philosophy and literature and their impact on the architectural idioms and forms
• Methodology to study architectural history from primary and secondary sources.

B) Sociology & Anthropology

Objectives: This course is important as It will provide the theoretical base to understand heritage as a product of society and culture like historic housing, rituals and crafts.

Contents:

a. Sociology:

• Understanding the Sociological Imagination - Emergence and development of sociology, Classical Thinkers, Contemporary Thinkers
• Research methodology - Objectivity and Comparative Methods and Social Facts, Techniques of Research: Questionnaire, Inventories, Case Study, Biographies etc, Field Work: Primary and secondary Data
• Concepts and principles - Individual and collective, Social Structure and Culture and Group life, Social interaction and socialization - Primary and Secondary Relations - Material Culture, Authority, Social Control conformity and Deviance, Difference and inequality.
• Case Study by Students - Town Planning and Urbanization as a way of Life, Historic built Heritage, Built form and Social Life
• Types of cities, urban social institutions - family, neighbourhood, voluntary associations, social aspects of urbanization and migration, urban influences on rural areas

b. Anthropology:

• Anthropology as a field of enquiry, nature and scope of anthropology, relationship of anthropology with architecture and other social sciences.
• Principles and methods of anthropological research: conceptualization of research, formulation of hypothesis, source of data, techniques of data collection sampling, presentation and interpretation of data, methods of exploration.
• Aspects of culture: mental and material culture
• Cultural concept of house, mohallas, neighbourhood and cultural identity of a place.
• Settlement plans: cultural perspective, villages - tribal and non-tribal/rural, towns and townships, cities.
• Cultural role of cities and sacred complex rituals and festivals
• Rural - urban Continuum

C) Planning - II

Objectives: planning as a discipline has evolved over the last few decades in a manner to become more relevant essential and closer to conservation to bring about more integrated solutions. The objective of this course is to introduce the students the new generation of planning subjects.

Contents:

a. Environmental and ecological planning:

• Ecology the ideological and philosophical background
• Ecology as value laden and ecology as a system and process
• Defining ecodevelopment
• Ecological planning process and its benefits, urban and regional perspective to ecological planning
• Linking ecological planning to sustainable development.
• Achieving ecological goals through integrated action planning.
• Elements and components of environment, environmental factors governing settlement structure.
• The definitions and principles of environmental planning.
• Exploitation of nature’s resources/causative factors for degradation. Impact of human activities/urbanization/industrialization on environmental resources.
• Environmental Zones - Hills, Arid, coastal, flood plains etc.
• Govt. of India Policies for environment (forests, wildlife, hill, biosphere, wetlands, wastelands, oceans etc.)

b. Development Planning

• Planning as a process to bridge needs and resources.
• Overview of development planning in India from Nehruvian ideologies to recent directional shifts
• Five-year plans
• The framework for planning in India the three tiers - Center State and the local bodies
• The organizations and bodies responsible for planning and implementation - from the planning commission through to the grass root level - the institutional response to dissemination and implementation of development and planning.
• Development and decentralization - 73rd and 74th amendment acts.
• Concepts of Sustainable and Alternative development
• The problem and challenges in plan implementation
• The impact of planning on the spatial and socioeconomic aspects of a place.
• Cases studies - Delhi - master plan, Indore and the industries.

c. Conservation Planning:

• Planning and heritage - the master plans and their provisions
• Existing legislation on heritage in the various cities, zoning and subdivision regulations - Heritage Zones, Archaeological Parks, building bye laws, densities FAR and the concept of TDR, urban aesthetic laws, rules and regulations. Cases of Bombay, Nagpur, Hyderabad and Cochin
• The various agencies involved for implementation of Conservation Plans
• Case studies - Khajuraho, Goa, Shekhawati, Ahemdabad experience

SF — II: TECHNICAL STRUCTURE AND FABRIC  - II

A) Structural Conservation

Objectives: This course is in continuation of the structure and fabric course of the first semester. The focus in this part is on analysis of and interventions to the historic building Structure.

Contents:

• Introduction to historic structures the understanding of historic structures as distinct from the behaviour of modern structures.
• The indeterminate and complex nature of historic structures. Example of historic structures - structural achievements of their times.
• Theory of structures relevant for historic structures - loading patterns, gravity structures, compressive structures, domes vaults, arcuate and trabeated systems, cantilevers etc.
• Structural analysis of historic structures
• Nature of distress - types of cracks, element failure and other problems.
• Types of investigation required to determine the structural condition, monitoring techniques and equipment.
• Immediate rescue measures for distresses buildings - shoring, underpinning, shuttering etc.
• Defect analysis, problem identification and solutions such as immediate replacement, stabilization, consolidation etc.
• Grouting as a technique
• Different techniques of cleaning building fabric.
• Illustrations from different projects
• Case study from in or around Delhi as class project covering from field surveys to all aspects of intervention

B) Conservation of Traditional Materials

Objectives: This course is in continuation of the first semester course on traditional materials. Here the emphasis is on intervention and solutions.

Contents:

• Diagnosis and assessment of defects and common problems in historic building materials - Stone, timber, Brick and iron etc.
• Prevention of moisture intrusion into the building from the building surface.
• Remedial measures for Biological and microbiological growth and other Botanic/organic defects
• Solutions for Efflorescence and Salt Action.
• Termite treatment and prevention and correction of entomological decay in historic timber sections
• Conservation and prevention of decay of common rendering material in historic structures - paints, plaster and wall paintings etc.
• Conservation of historic masonry - consolidation grouting, pointing, strengthening and replacement.
• Cleaning and maintenance of Historic building surfaces - with natural and inorganic materials
• Appropriate use of inorganic materials such as silanes, resins, epoxy etc.
• Upgradation of techniques - examples
• Examples and case studies to illustrate.

CM - II: CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT - II

Integrated Heritage Conservation - ITUC India

Objectives: This course is based on the Integrated Territorial and Urban Conservation programme of the ICCROM and is tailored to suit the Indian context. The students are oriented in a manner so as to understand and appreciate historic areas in an interdisciplinary framework.

Contents:

• Urban Conservation prior to 1975 - York, Chester, Bath in Europe and other attempts at urban conservation
• Conservation planning - 1975  - 1990- Bologna, Ferrara. Approach integrating with the planning sector.
• Post 1992 - the Rio Conference - recognition of heritage as a resource requiring specialist and experts.
• Integrated conservation - discourse a concept used in myriad ways
• Introduction and development of methodology for interdisciplinary application to the area of heritage conservation. Role of heritage professional with other specialists.
• Assessing the historic settlement with its historic cultural region and the natural setting for continuity and transformation. Case studies from India and Abroad
• Framework to identify, document and evaluate cultural regions and settlements, retain and enhance their cultural value.
• Local resource data base development.
• Integrating with the existing systems of administration etc.
• Preparation of conservation plans, management plans and other documents
• Conflict resolution and negotiation required for maintenance of heritage value.
• Towards Cultural Sustainability and Development Paradigm.

CS - II: CONSERVATION STUDIO - II

The aim of the studio in this semester is to introduce the students to a historic site, Historic City or environment which is more complex and larger in scale to the building. The exercise shall address issues related to heritage at the urban scale. The attempt will be to adopt an integrated approach.

The studio project will be in two parts

a. Area level project
b. Building level project

Project contents:

• Application of conservation methodology - a systematic study and analysis of historical spatial and community dimension using conservation techniques like inventories, desired surveys, Etc.
• Assessment of cultural significance and community participation for conservation. Area level and city level issues in architectural conservation. Identification of Heritage Zones, appreciation of architectural vocabulary, Traditional building technology, streets, chowks, neighbourhoods and their heritage value.
• Preparation of conservation plans and management plans as required.
• Formulation and application of conservation policy and guidelines for historic areas and extensions
• The students shall also look at aspects of appropriate design in historic areas - reuse and infill development
• A second project at a building level to look at aspects of appropriate design in historic areas - intensions, modifications, reuse and infill development.

Semester III

PB - III: PHILOSOPHICAL BASE - III

A) New Paradigms

Objectives: the aim of this course is to introduce a theoretical framework for heritage conservation. This course gives the student the opportunity to explore link between theory and practice, by providing a forum for discussion by bringing new ideas and theories being developed internationally. Through this it is hoped that heritage discipline becomes a part of mainstream thinking.

Contents:

• Areas to be explored
• It explores both the role and scope of specialists and encourages cross disciplinary cooperation amongst various professionals involved in heritage management and allied projects.
• Exploring and attempting to develop interdisciplinary knowledge base.
• Good practices and well-known examples from allied areas.
• Conflicts and resolution of conflicts in various multidisciplinary projects through case studies
• Local, traditional and indigenous knowledge, expertise and capacity and its relation to contemporary development thinking
• Introduction to varying paradigms - technocratic, alternative etc.

HR - III: REDEFINITION OF HERITAGE RESOURCE - III

A) Cultural Regions and landscapes

Objectives: This looks at the region from a cultural perspective and role of the various components from cultural standpoint. Its aim is to evolve the scope, scale and meaning of heritage from buildings to entire regions.

Contents:

• Definition of cultural landscapes as understood by other disciplines agencies such as US National Park Services and UNESCO
• Methodology of defining and recognizing cultural landscapes/regions
• Techniques for assessing the cultural values of a region
• Describing the cultural region from its components - the tangible heritage and the intangible aspects like crafts, traditional skills and Local knowledge systems
• Forests and vegetation - their cultural values
• Cultural Geography and cultural regions symbolism and meanings behind cultural landscapes and the components that make them unique.
• Methods of mapping the cultural landscapes
• Review of Contemporary regional boundaries based on parameters such as political, physical, natural, linguistic boundaries and cultural boundaries that exist in people’s minds and are integrated with their lifestyles and culture.
• Analysis of Cultural Landscapes
• Case study - identified in World Heritage List and in India like Vraj, Bundelkhand etc.
• Management of cultural regions and landscapes.

B) Qualitative Techniques

Objectives:

In recent times qualitative techniques have become very crucial. This course will introduce relevant qualitative methods required towards new critical attitudes required for heritage.

Contents:

• Citizen and community participatory mechanism and methods involving local communities in the process. Community studies focusing on collective memory and its implication on cultural identity, assessing local knowledge and capacity of communities
• Hermeneutics research tradition for positive and healthy interpretation, valuing cultural significance of historic areas regions and environment.
• Assessing and interpreting cultural value of complex entities for management
• Research methods - Case study methods, Heuristic methods, Inductive methods
• Methods of rediscovering local knowledge and capacity
• Understanding and interpreting very large sets of cultural resource information
• Developing a methodology for Cultural Resource Impact Assessment (a new area)

TP - III: THEORY AND PARAMETERS - III

A) Architectural History Theory and Criticism - II

Objectives: This section is application of the methodology introduced in the previous semester where the students look at two different and diverse architectural periods, with two different methods - Mughal Architecture in an experiential manner and western period from secondary sources. This informs the students that there are numerous ways of studying historic architecture.

Contents:

• Architecture of a place located more in time than in terms of style
• Detail study of architecture in specific period of time and place eg, Mughal in India and Classical in the west.
• The aspects of architecture to be analysed for the specific period - general architecture of the period through great and humble; Great architects and builders - the contributors to the architecture; analysis and critique into the ideas and interpretations; the facts regarding the social context, the technical capacity etc of the Architecture, the writers on and of the time- their interpretation of the architecture.
• Discourse of architecture as style, language, typology hybrid architecture etc. this will lead to discussions and technical paper.

B) Exploring the link between heritage with Jurisprudence, Economics and Tourism

Objectives: This course aims to understand the theoretical and practical aspects of the relation of heritage with economics, jurisprudence and tourism in order to strengthen the discipline of Heritage management. Heritage legislation is in its infancy in the country. Conservation professional shall be involved in this area to give the substance and the lawyer to give the form. The area needs to be developed. This section also introduces the students to the concept of sustainable Tourism an approach gives the right balance is between the tourism and the heritage resource. The economics component is based on the assumption that heritage is an irreplaceable resource.

Contents:
a. Heritage Economics  - 

• Heritage economics as an economic activity.
• Types of value of heritage objects. Problem of financing conservation of heritage, Methods of economic valuation of heritage like - travel cost methods, contingent valuation methods and hedonic price index models; Applications of valuation methods for heritage; Project on valuation of heritage item
• Comparison of heritage to environment and failure of technique in which market is used to value heritage like contingent valuation method and similar ones.

b. Heritage and Jurisprudence -

• Understanding law and its relationship to society
• A review of related laws to heritage like Rent Control Act, Slum Act, Municipal Act, Environment Act etc. that have Impact on Heritage Protection.
• Existing Monuments Act and treasure trove Act etc.
• Famous Heritage Laws of the World - Civic Amenity Act , Malraux Act.
• Heritage legislation - principles and approaches in the other countries and contexts such as - new countries - USA and Australia and old countries - countries in Europe
• The Indian situation, Assessment of the Indian legal framework, Cases - some PILs

c. Cultural Tourism

• Overview of the existing situation in India
• Pilgrimage as an important aspect of cultural tourism - a continuum - based on a different paradigm.
• The modern organizational setup and the traditional set up
• The national policies
• Tourism management and infrastructure
• Definition, Concepts and methodology of Sustainable tourism, alternative tourism, ecotourism etc.
• Carrying Capacity for heritage sites
• Visitor Management

C) Museology

Objectives: this course introduces another type of heritage resource - the museum artifact which is really a content of the architecture. The subject of Museology is developing rapidly and getting closer to heritage conservation.

Contents:

• Definitions and concepts related to Museology
• Through history - evolution and development of collection of museum objects
• International and national and local organizations and associations.
• International conventions and antiquities act
• Introduction to range of techniques used in exhibition design of museum objects
• Interpretation, presentation and communication of museum objects.
• Museum design
• Museum environment
• Conservation of museum objects.

SF - III: TECHNICAL STRUCTURE AND FABRIC -  III

Upgradation of Historic Structures for contemporary use

Objectives: the objective of the course is to introduce the students to the issues and methods and problems pertaining to the upgradation of historic structures to cater to the contemporary demands and needs.

Contents:

• Introduction of new usage and functions in historic buildings - principles and aspects of authenticity etc.
• Carrying Capacity of historic buildings in terms of space and structure. Understanding the functional aspects and usage of the historic structure in the past and the demands of the new usage and function.
• Issues relating to additions, alterations, modifications, use of contemporary materials in the historic structure
• Introduction of modern services in historic structures.
• Conversion to specialized usage requiring controlled environments. Impacts on structure and management.

CM - III: CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT

National Heritage Management Systems in India and Abroad

Objectives: The students are introduced to all aspects of an ideal heritage management System through this course. This course is vital in the absence of any comprehensive National level policy, legislation or management system.

Contents:

• Overview of the existing heritage management in India, Levels of management for India, Legislation and protection, Information management for heritage (GIS and other Systems), and Responsible organization  - decentralized approach - institutions at all levels.
• Heritage management comparative examination with new countries - USA and Australia and old countries - Britain, France and others.
• Cultural Resource Information, Management plans, Conservation plans for sites and cities, regions and country management
• Financial outlays, Grants and resource mobilization, Tax benefits
• Natural Hazards and risk preparedness - global, regional and Indian Context and international cooperation (prevention, mitigation and preparedness. Disaster
• response relief and recovery). Historic city and urban rehabilitation strategies.
• Some examples of management projects using the holistic approach
• Case Studies based on Good principles - Sustainability, Community participation etc.

CS - III: ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION STUDIO

In this semester the emphasis of the studio exercise is on a regional scale - A large area with a group of settlements or the historic city with its hinterland or large water shed region with traditional water harvesting system will be the focus of this exercise. The project content:

• Inventories and information base
• Interpreting and assessing the cultural values.
• Defining the cultural significance
• Issues relating to cultural landscapes
• Impacts of modern development
• Preparation of Protection and Management strategy
• implementation
• Directions for Sustainable solutions that maintain the cultural integrity of the region.

Semester IV

TP - IV: THEORY AND PARAMETERS - IV

Elective: Students can choose from any of the core subjects being taught in other master’s departments in the School.

CM - IV: CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT -  IV

Seminar on Heritage Management: This course aims at strengthening the management aspect of the thesis project. The students can take up any specific management issue dealt with in the preceding semesters which would be a useful input into their projects. The work will be presented in the form of a seminar at the end of the semester.

A series of lecture inputs depending on the topics that the students have chosen will also be given

CS - IV: CONSERVATION STUDIO - IV

a. Thesis Project

Thesis is the main academic effort and culmination of all information and techniques learnt in the preceding semesters. The student is free to select from any aspect of Architectural Conservation may it be technical theoretical, management or intervention. The student has to realize the complexity of the project as there is lack of information and major initial focus is on data collection and primary surveys which means fundamental and original work.

Every thesis has a theoretical aspect and it tries to develop a complete project with focus on management and preparation of management plan.

The final product has inventories, a presentation of set of drawings and a report.

b. Theoretical Research Paper

Every thesis project requires significant theoretical inputs and specific areas to be researched and explored. In this course the students get the opportunity to explore thoroughly one topic of their choice and write a paper of 5000 words.

The research paper becomes important as it gives the student the opportunity to carry out independent theoretical research, which will supplement his/her thesis. The course has been consciously linked to thesis so that it can be used to add to the quality of the thesis work.

Research paper being the final paper of the student it has a high quality therefore Advanced Research methodology is taught as tutorial to help the student to manage complex research topics.

As an initial practice exercise the students do a small research paper of 1000 words based on an area of study handled in the previous semester.

Other

• PLACEMENT: The students are required to one-month practical hands-on work in the field with any organization/or individual as a requisite towards completing the master’s degree in the summer holidays after second semester. They
• STREAMS: This weekly activity/informal class for the entire Department expands the horizon of the students which goes beyond the narrow core curriculum through presentation of case studies, site visits, introduction of eminent specialists and introduction to experiences of handling real projects by eminent specialists.